QC Instruments/Analytical Techniques

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 Quality control instruments and analytical techniques are used in various industries and laboratories.

These techniques are available to ensure the quality and reliability of products, materials, and data.

The following are the most commonly used analytical methods/techniques:

1. High performance liquid chromatography(HPLC): It is used to separate,identify and quantify the components in the mixture.

2. Gas chromatography (GC): Separating and analyzing the compounds which are  vaporized without decomposition.

3. X-ray Diffraction(XRD): Phase identification or determine the structure of crystalline material based on the diffraction pattern produced by X-rays.

4. Differential scanning calorimeter(DSC): To identify the characteristic properties of material.

5. Particle size distribution(PSD): Indicating the sizes of the particles with proportions in the sample. 

6. UV-Vis spectrophotometry: Measures the amount of light absorbed by a sample at different wavelengths.

7. Ultraviolet(UV)Spectroscopy: Color identification technique.

8. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR): A technique used to identify and analyze organic and inorganic compounds based on their absorption of infrared radiation.

9. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance(NMR): A technique used to determine the molecular structure of compounds based on the interaction between nuclei and magnetic field.

10. Infrared spectroscopy(IR): To identify the structure of the sample.

11. Mass Spectroscopy: A technique used to determine the molecular weight and structure of compounds based on their mass-to-charge ratio.

12. pH meter: A device used to measure the acidity and alkalinity of a solution.

13. Conductivity meter: A device used to measure the electrical conductivity of a solution.

14. Karl Fischer titrator(KF): Identify the moisture content in the sample.

15. Microbiology testing instruments: Instruments used to detect and quantify the microorganisms in samples such as bacteria,viruses, and fungi.

Example: Agar plates,PCR machines and flow cytometers.

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